Linux Basic Commands

Linux Basic Commands: This will help you the basic concepts about the Linux Command Line, Terminal, and commands that run on the terminal and then you will be able to do everything using the terminal.

Linux Basic Commands Overview:

Before the windows operating systems mean GUI base systems, people were using and controlling the computer systems by the punch cards, that is the set of commands in the card and run the commands. After that, the command prompt is the one that the people were using for controlling the computer system either for copying the file, deletion of files, run or execute some program file they use the command prompt for each and every purpose. After that, the Microsoft launch the windows Operating system that is totally graphical user interface based. In Linux versions, there is also few graphical user interface operating systems that do the most of the work using graphical user interface but the terminal is more powerful.

Linux Basic Commands:

how can we "List Files" using Terminal:

When we open the terminal the current folder is the path in the terminal, If we want to show the list of folder and files listed in them then we can show files ls command and get more detail by adding more parameters to the command. Like ls -t is used for the list of file sorted by time, ls -S will sort the file by file size, and ls -r will show the reverse of the order.

How can we "Change Directories" using Terminal:

If you want to change the directories mean the move from one folder to another folder then we can use the "cd" command and ".." folder. By using these we can move up to the directory and move ahead to the directory structure.  There are two types of commands one relative path and other is an absolute path. When we type the following command it switches to the directory directly above the current one folder. 

cd .. 

Absolute command means that in current directory have the folder name documents then we can go into by typing the following command.

cd Documents

We can show the current directory full path from root directory to the current directory by writing the following command

cd -

See the image below that will explain you more detail about it.

 

How can we "create or remove folders" using Terminal:

In Linux / Unix we can create the folders from Graphical User Interface but here we are teaching you the terminal. So we can create new folders and we can remove new folders. For creating the new folder with the user defined name, the command is 

mkdir my_test_folder

 We can now remove the folder that is just created by the command and can be removed by the command only is there is no data inside the folder.

rmdir my_test_folder

 You will have to remove / delete those files that are inside the folder and then you will be able to delete the folder.
See the image for detail. This will more clear the things to you.

How can we "Create and remove files" using Terminal:

This is the simple one to create and remove the file using Linux / Ubuntu Terminal. It uses the following command.

touch test_file

to create the new, blank file and same for deleting the filing process is same write the command that is

rm test_file

Here we can delete the all files at once by using the "*" in the parameter that will delete all files. The command is:

rm *

Now if someone wants to delete all the files and sub files in the folders / directories he can use the -r parameter that means recursive(re-run) and sometimes the system does not allow the user to delete the file then you can use -f that means force the operation.

rm -f test_file

See the image for detail. This will more clear the things to you.

How can we "Edit Plain Text Files" using Terminal:

Actually, the users use the different editor for editing the text files in the Linux / Ubuntu operating systems. So for beginners, the simplest one is to edit text files using nano command. The command is:

nano test_files 

 This will open the nano file editor then you will type the context and press ctrl + x it will say you for save the files press enter button. See the image for detail. This will more clear the things to you.

You can edit your text file in vim by using the following command.

vi new_file

How can we "Display files" using terminal: 

When we create the text file that may have more text and we want to show more text in the terminal while opening the file so we can view more data in the file. For that purpose, we use the command

more new_file

 See the image for detail. This will more clear the things to you.

How can we "Use History" using Terminal:

The history is one of the most important and amazing factors in the terminal that it is saving your commands in the history so that when you want to see that you can access that by the history commands. The command is just written history in the terminal.

history

  See the image for detail. This will more clear the things to you.

How can we "Find Files" using Terminal:

For finding any file directory the find in Linux / Ubuntu is the very powerful command that finds on your system. For Example: if you need to find all the files that are with the .txt extension then you can use the following command.

find . -name "*.txt" 

How can we "Find a Text String in Files" using Terminal:

Finding text in the files directories and sub-directories the Grep is the command that will search the text that you want to search. The command will search for all files. The command is

grep -ir "hello" *

  See the image for detail. This will more clear the things to you.

Moving files from one folder to another you can use the "mv" is used and for copying of file "cp" is used. See example Hope you understand now most of the things.

mv image imagefolder
cp image ../

 If you still have any problem, query then you can ask here directly we will response you quickly. You can search with these queries Linux basic commands with examples pdf, Linux tutorial, Linux basic commands pdf, Linux basic commands with examples, Linux basic commands tutorial, red hat linux basic commands pdf, linux basic commands ppt, linux basic commands with examples ppt and much more for learning material. You can further read about json data insertion.
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This Post Was Last Updated On September 30, 2016, By Author: Mahira Khan.

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How to install and configure LAMP server on Linux / Ubuntu ?

How to install and configure LAMP server on Linux / Ubuntu: Lamp server is an open source web development platform/software package that is for the Linux / Ubuntu users. The lamp is the software package that includes the Apache as the web server, MySQL as the relational database for development of applications and the PHP is used as scripting languages (object-oriented ). There may be used some of the other scripting languages like python, Perl or other languages that using the Apache server. So the Lamp server components can be changeable for the different table for different environments and install different programming language.

Install Lamp in Linux / Ubuntu From Start :

In this guide, I will teach you how to install Lamp system. Lamp stands for Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP this is the lamp software package where the PHP can be interchangeable. In the Linux/Ubuntu the package of software installed by using commands using the terminal.

Install Apache:

Let's start the installation process first, install the Apache.

Step 1) Open your terminal either by clicking the icon of terminal or by pressing the shortcut key

( Alt+Ctrl+t ).

Step 2) Write the line of code or paste it into the terminal and then press the enter key.

sudo apt-get install apache2

Step 3) Then the terminal will ask you for your system password, type the password and press enter button.

Test Apache installation:

To make sure that we have installed the Apache  server successfully we now test it.

Step 1) Open browser ( browser that you have installed on your system ) and write or copy-paste the below line in the web address bar:

http://localhost/

or

127.0.0.1/

You should see the folder named Apache2-default/. Open the folder it will say "It works" congratulation to you for first step completion.

Install PHP:

In this part of the tutorial, we will install the PHP version 5.

Step 1) Again Open your terminal either by clicking the icon of a terminal or by pressing the shortcut key ( Alt+Ctrl+t ).

Step 2) Write the line of code or paste it into the terminal and then press the enter key:

sudo apt-get install php5 libapache2-mod-php5

Step 3) For PHP to work and compatible with the Apache server we have to restart the Apache server.

Type the command/code in Terminal to do this:

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Now PHP installation completed and we will test that the PHP is installed successfully of not.

Test PHP: 

A quick test runs to ensure that the PHP version 5 installed successfully. Here one important thing in some of the Linux versions the /www/html/ is the default path set. so we will create the file in the HTML folder or have to change the path.

Step 1) Write the line of code or paste it into the terminal and then press the enter key:

sudo gedit /var/www/html/testphp.php

Step 2) Then open the file copy paste the code or you may be can type anything of PHP.

<?php phpinfo(); ?>

Step 3) Save and close the testphp.php file.
Step 4) Now open your web browser and copy paste or write the link in web address bar.

http://localhost/testphp.php

This image will be displayed and detail of the PHP.

Install MySQL:

Last Lamp component that is MySQL software is remaining to install. 

Step 1) Again open the terminal and copy-paste or write the code in the terminal.

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

Step 2) Terminal will ask you for the password write the password and enter.
Step 3) MySQL root user require the password to set. Then set the root password.
That's it.

Test MySQL: 

Now we can test that the MySQL installed correctly or not so PHPMyAdmin is the admin panel.

Step 1) Open the web browser and enter the code in the web address bar that is URL.

http://localhost/testphp.php

Now if there is something wrong then follow some steps.

Open the terminal and copy and paste the code and press enter.

sudo ln -s /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf /etc/apache2/conf-available/phpmyadmin.conf
sudo ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin /var/www/html/phpmyadmin
sudo service apache2 restart

Then again open browser and copy paste the URL in the address bar.

http://localhost/testphp.php

That's it. Lamp server is not installed on the Linux mint 17.3 and Ubuntu. If you people have still any query about an installation of lamp software package feel free to ask here in the comment. You can google search for more reading about the lamp server search with quries run lamp server ubuntu, install lamp ubuntu 14.04 server, ubuntu lamp, linux install lamp, how to run lamp in ubuntu, lamp commands, install lamp ubuntu 15, best linux lamp server and much more. We will solve it and inform you quickly. You can further study about the how you can earn money online.
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This Post Was Last Updated On September 30, 2016, By Author: Mahira Khan.

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